在利用沼氣發(fā)電過程中，由于沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組本身設(shè)計(jì)和材料的特點(diǎn)，導(dǎo)致發(fā)電機(jī)組對(duì)沼氣中的部分成分（如H2S、水分、固體雜質(zhì)等）特別敏感，如果處理不好將導(dǎo)致發(fā)電機(jī)組無法正常運(yùn)行。

In the process of using biogas for power generation, due to the design and material characteristics of the biogas generator set itself, it is particularly sensitive to some components in biogas (such as H2S, moisture, solid impurities, etc.). If not handled properly, it will lead to the generator set being unable to operate normally.

1 硫化氫對(duì)發(fā)電機(jī)組的影響

The impact of hydrogen sulfide on power generation units

硫化氫（H2S）是一種無色有毒的可燃性氣體，具有強(qiáng)烈的臭雞蛋氣味，當(dāng)空氣中硫化氫的體積含量超過0.1%時(shí)，就能引起頭疼暈眩等中毒癥狀。硫化氫（H2S）對(duì)鐵等金屬有強(qiáng)腐蝕性，也易吸附金屬表面與多種金屬離子作用，生成不溶于水的硫化物沉淀。沼氣在燃燒時(shí)，其中的H2S還能轉(zhuǎn)化為腐蝕性很強(qiáng)的亞硫酸氣霧會(huì)污染環(huán)境和腐蝕機(jī)器設(shè)備，同時(shí)H2S在潮濕的環(huán)境下對(duì)金屬管道、燃燒設(shè)備、檢測(cè)設(shè)備和儀表等都具有強(qiáng)烈的腐蝕性，所以沼氣在利用前必須脫出其中所含的H2S。

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a colorless, toxic, and flammable gas with a strong odor of rotten eggs. When the volume content of hydrogen sulfide in the air exceeds 0.1%, it can cause poisoning symptoms such as headache and dizziness. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has strong corrosiveness to metals such as iron, and is also prone to adsorbing metal surfaces and interacting with various metal ions to form insoluble sulfide precipitates. When biogas is burned, the H2S in it can also be converted into highly corrosive sulfite mist, which can pollute the environment and corrode machinery and equipment. At the same time, H2S has strong corrosiveness to metal pipelines, combustion equipment, detection equipment, and instruments in humid environments. Therefore, the H2S contained in biogas must be removed before use.

利用沼氣發(fā)電時(shí)沼氣中的硫化氫會(huì)對(duì)沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組的進(jìn)氣管道、增壓器、中冷器、火花塞、氣缸套、排氣管和消音器等造成嚴(yán)重腐蝕影響機(jī)組壽命。所以沼氣在進(jìn)入發(fā)電機(jī)組之前必須進(jìn)行沼氣預(yù)處理，將H2S降到機(jī)組允許的范圍內(nèi)才能保證機(jī)組的可靠運(yùn)行。

When using biogas for power generation, hydrogen sulfide in biogas can cause serious corrosion to the intake pipes, superchargers, intercoolers, spark plugs, cylinder liners, exhaust pipes, and silencers of biogas generator units, affecting their lifespan. So before biogas enters the generator unit, it must undergo biogas pretreatment to reduce H2S to the allowable range of the unit in order to ensure the reliable operation of the unit.

2 水分對(duì)發(fā)電機(jī)組的影響

The impact of moisture on generator sets

在利用沼氣發(fā)電過程中，沼氣水分含量過大的話，會(huì)導(dǎo)致發(fā)電機(jī)組的進(jìn)氣壓力損耗過大，嚴(yán)重的情況下，會(huì)引起發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率波動(dòng)、敲缸、停機(jī)等嚴(yán)重地影響其使用壽命。其具體表現(xiàn)為：

In the process of using biogas for power generation, if the moisture content of biogas is too high, it will lead to excessive loss of intake pressure of the generator set. In severe cases, it can cause engine power fluctuations, cylinder knocking, shutdown, and seriously affect its service life. Its specific manifestation is:

(a)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)點(diǎn)火困難；

(a) Difficulty in ignition of the engine;

(b)降低燃燒室溫度，降低內(nèi)燃機(jī)的效率；

(b) Reduce the temperature of the combustion chamber and reduce the efficiency of the internal combustion engine;

(c)由于水蒸氣等無功氣體的存在，增壓耗功增大；

(c) Due to the presence of reactive gases such as water vapor, the power consumption of boosting increases;

(d)水蒸氣與其他酸性物質(zhì)的化合產(chǎn)生中間產(chǎn)物，對(duì)機(jī)器本身產(chǎn)生腐蝕，縮短機(jī)器的使用壽命，降低機(jī)器的可靠性。

(d) The combination of water vapor and other acidic substances produces intermediate products that corrode the machine itself, shorten its service life, and reduce its reliability.

3 固體雜質(zhì)對(duì)發(fā)電機(jī)組的影響

The impact of solid impurities on generator sets

粉塵是大氣環(huán)境中涉及面最廣、危害最嚴(yán)重的一種污染物。粉塵是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)明確限制的雜質(zhì)，它主要影響在于：

Dust is the most widespread and harmful pollutant in the atmospheric environment. Dust is a clearly restricted impurity in engines, and its main impact is:

(a)堵塞管路，流通不暢，加大壓損，增加運(yùn)行費(fèi)用；

(a) Blocking pipelines, poor flow, increased pressure loss, and increased operating costs;

(b)增大機(jī)械磨損，降低設(shè)備使用壽命。

(b) Increase mechanical wear and reduce equipment lifespan.

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