可利用技術(shù)：生物質(zhì)可利用種類繁多，分別具有不同特點和屬性，利用技術(shù)復雜、多樣，縱觀國內(nèi)外生物質(zhì)利用技術(shù)，均是將其轉(zhuǎn)換為固態(tài)、液態(tài)和氣態(tài)燃料加以高效利用，主要途徑有：

Technologies that can be utilized: There are various types of biomass that can be utilized, each with different characteristics and attributes. The utilization technologies are complex and diverse. Looking at biomass utilization technologies at home and abroad, they all convert it into solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels for efficient utilization. The main ways are:

1.直接燃燒技術(shù)包括戶用爐灶燃燒技術(shù)、鍋爐燃燒技術(shù)、生物質(zhì)與煤的混合燃燒技術(shù)，以及與之相關(guān)的壓縮成型和烘焙技術(shù)。

1. Direct combustion technology includes household stove combustion technology, boiler combustion technology, mixed combustion technology of biomass and coal, as well as related compression molding and baking technologies.

2.生物轉(zhuǎn)化技術(shù)小型戶用沼氣池，大中型厭氧消化。

2. Biological conversion technology for small-scale household biogas digesters and large and medium-sized anaerobic digestion.

3.熱化學轉(zhuǎn)化技術(shù)包括生物質(zhì)氣化、干餾、快速熱解液化技術(shù)。

3. Thermochemical conversion technology includes biomass gasification, dry distillation, and rapid pyrolysis liquefaction technology.

4.液化技術(shù)包括提煉植物油技術(shù)、制取乙醇、甲醇等技術(shù)。

4. Liquefaction technology includes techniques for extracting vegetable oil, producing ethanol, methanol, and other technologies.

5.有機垃圾能源處理技術(shù)。

5. Organic waste energy treatment technology.

生物質(zhì)發(fā)電的形式：

Forms of biomass power generation:

直接燃燒發(fā)電：直接燃燒發(fā)電是指生物質(zhì)在鍋爐中直接燃燒，生產(chǎn)蒸汽帶動蒸汽輪機及發(fā)電機發(fā)電。生物質(zhì)直接燃燒發(fā)電的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)包括生物質(zhì)原料預處理、鍋爐防腐、鍋爐的原料適用性及燃料效率、蒸汽輪機效率等技術(shù)。

Direct combustion power generation: Direct combustion power generation refers to the direct combustion of biomass in a boiler, producing steam to drive a steam turbine and generator for power generation. The key technologies for biomass direct combustion power generation include biomass raw material pretreatment, boiler anti-corrosion, boiler raw material applicability and fuel efficiency, steam turbine efficiency, and other technologies.

混合發(fā)電：生物質(zhì)還可以與煤混合作為燃燒發(fā)電，稱之為生物質(zhì)混合燃燒發(fā)電技術(shù)?；旌先紵绞街饕袃煞N。一種是生物質(zhì)直接與煤混合后投入燃燒，該方式對于燃料處理和燃燒設備要求較高，不是所有燃煤發(fā)電廠都能采用；一種是生物質(zhì)氣化產(chǎn)生的燃氣與煤混合燃燒，這種混合燃燒系統(tǒng)中燃燒，產(chǎn)生的蒸汽一同送入汽輪機發(fā)電機組。

Hybrid power generation: Biomass can also be mixed with coal for combustion power generation, which is called biomass mixed combustion power generation technology. There are mainly two types of mixed combustion methods. One method is to directly mix biomass with coal and put it into combustion, which requires high requirements for fuel processing and combustion equipment, and not all coal-fired power plants can adopt this method; One type is the mixed combustion of gas and coal produced by biomass gasification, in which the steam generated is sent to the steam turbine generator unit together.

氣化發(fā)電：生物質(zhì)氣化發(fā)電技術(shù)是指生物質(zhì)在氣化爐中轉(zhuǎn)化為氣體燃料，經(jīng)凈化后直接進入燃氣機發(fā)電或者直接進入燃料電池發(fā)電。氣化發(fā)電的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一是燃氣凈化，氣化出來的燃氣都含有一定的雜質(zhì)，包括灰分、焦炭和焦油等，需經(jīng)過凈化系統(tǒng)把雜質(zhì)除去，以保證發(fā)電設備的正常運行。

Gasification power generation: Biomass gasification power generation technology refers to the conversion of biomass into gas fuel in a gasifier, which is purified and directly enters a gas turbine for power generation or a fuel cell for power generation. One of the key technologies for gasification power generation is gas purification. The gasified gas contains certain impurities, including ash, coke, tar, etc., which need to be removed through a purification system to ensure the normal operation of power generation equipment.

沼氣發(fā)電：沼氣發(fā)電是隨著沼氣綜合利用技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展而出現(xiàn)的一項沼氣利用技術(shù)，其主要原理是利用工農(nóng)業(yè)或城鎮(zhèn)生活中的大量有機廢棄物經(jīng)厭氧發(fā)酵處理產(chǎn)生的沼氣驅(qū)動發(fā)電機組發(fā)電。用于沼氣發(fā)電的設備主要為內(nèi)燃機，一般由柴油機改造而成。

Biogas power generation: Biogas power generation is a biogas utilization technology that has emerged with the continuous development of biogas comprehensive utilization technology. Its main principle is to use the biogas generated by anaerobic fermentation treatment of a large amount of organic waste in industry, agriculture or urban life to drive a generator set to generate electricity. The equipment used for biogas power generation is mainly internal combustion engines, which are generally modified from diesel engines.

垃圾發(fā)電：垃圾發(fā)電包括垃圾焚燒發(fā)電和垃圾氣化發(fā)電，其不僅可以解決垃圾處理的問題，同時還可以回收利用垃圾中的能量，節(jié)約資源，垃圾焚燒發(fā)電是利用垃圾在焚燒爐中燃燒放出的熱量將水加熱獲得過熱蒸汽，推動汽輪機帶動發(fā)電機發(fā)電。垃圾焚燒技術(shù)主要有層狀燃燒技術(shù)、流化床燃燒技術(shù)、旋轉(zhuǎn)燃燒技術(shù)等。

Garbage power generation: Garbage power generation includes garbage incineration power generation and garbage gasification power generation, which can not only solve the problem of garbage disposal, but also recycle the energy in garbage, save resources. Garbage incineration power generation uses the heat released by the combustion of garbage in the incinerator to heat water and obtain superheated steam, which drives the turbine to drive the generator to generate electricity. Garbage incineration technology mainly includes layered combustion technology, fluidized bed combustion technology, rotary combustion technology, etc.

發(fā)展起來的氣化熔融焚燒技術(shù)，包括垃圾在450°~640°溫度下的氣體和含碳灰渣在1300°以上的熔融燃燒兩個過程，垃圾處理徹底，過程潔凈，并可以回收部分資源，被認為是最具有前景的垃圾發(fā)電技術(shù)。

The developed gasification melting incineration technology includes two processes: gas combustion of garbage at temperatures of 450 °~640 ° C and melting combustion of carbonaceous ash above 1300 ° C. The garbage treatment is thorough, the process is clean, and some resources can be recovered. It is considered the most promising garbage power generation technology.

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